Respuesta :
Answer:
1. With Bilateral Clearing, where the company posts variation margin, but no initial margin:
The company has to provide collateral to Banks A, B, and C of $0 million, $15 million, and $25 million respectively. Â
Therefore, the total collateral required is $40 million. Â
2. With Central Clearing through the CCP, where the CCP usually requires an initial margin of $10 million:
The derivatives are netted against each other, and the company’s total variation margin is $20 million (–$20 + $15 + $25) in total. Â
The total margin required (including the initial margin) is, therefore, $30 million ($20 + $10 million).
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Worth of derivative with Bank A = +$20 million
Worth of derivative with Bank B = -$15 million
Worth of derivative with Bank C = -$25 million
b) In a bilateral clearing, the company and each bank (called market participants) enter into an agreement with each other to cover all outstanding derivative transactions between the two parties. Â On the other hand, in central clearing, a central clearing party (CCP) stands between the two sides of an OTC derivative transaction in much the same way that the exchange clearing house does for exchange-traded contracts.